Cardiac fibroblasts are the most populous nonmyocyte cell type within the mature heart and
are required for extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition, generation of the cardiac …

Background—Transforming growth factor-β 2 (TGF-β 2 ) is a member of a family of growth
factors with the potential to modify multiple processes. Mice deficient in the TGF-β 2 gene die …

Transforming growth factor betas (TGFβs) are pleiotropic cytokines involved in many biological
processes. Genetic engineering and tissue explanation studies have revealed specific …

In the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, where breast cancer (BC)-disseminated tumor
cells (DTCs) can remain dormant for decades, NG2 + /Nestin + mesenchymal stem cells (…

To examine the roles of TGFβ isoforms on corneal morphogenesis, the eyes of mice that lack
TGFβs were analyzed at different developmental stages for cell proliferation, migration and …

Correct development and maturation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is critical for
survival 1 . At birth, the ENS is immature and requires considerable refinement to exert its …

Exercise improves health and well-being across diverse organ systems, and elucidating
mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise can lead to new therapies. Here, we …

In a common theme of organogenesis, certain cells within a multipotent epithelial sheet
exchange signals with their neighbors and develop into a bud structure. Using hair bud …

The ligand specificity of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) in vivo in mouse cardiac
cushion epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is poorly understood. To elucidate the …

Loss of one copy of the human ATP2C1 gene, encoding SPCA1 (secretory pathway Ca 2+ -ATPase
isoform 1), causes Hailey-Hailey disease, a skin disorder. We performed targeted …