Defense against attaching-and-effacing bacteria requires the sequential generation of
interleukin 23 (IL-23) and IL-22 to induce protective mucosal responses. Although CD4 + and …

Mutations within cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes impair T cell recognition, but escape
mutations arising in flanking regions that alter antigen processing have not been defined in …

Purpose: We are in great need of specific biomarkers to detect pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at an early stage, ideally before invasion. Plectin-1 (Plec1) was recently …

Molecular imaging allows clinicians to visualize the progression of tumours and obtain
relevant information for patient diagnosis and treatment 1 . Owing to their intrinsic optical, …

Since December 2019, the global pandemic caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus
2019-nCoV (COVID-19) has been rapidly spreading. As of April 2020, the outbreak has …

The quantification and characterization of circulating immune cells provide key indicators of
human health and disease. To identify the relative effects of environmental and genetic …

Many studies have evaluated the role of Cryptosporidium spp. in outbreaks of enteric illness,
but few studies have evaluated sporadic cryptosporidiosis in the United States. To assess …

Standardization of immunophenotyping procedures has become a high priority. We have
developed a suite of whole-blood, syringe-based assay systems that can be used to …

Background The interplay between global warming and invasive arthropods in temperate
zones is of utmost interest in terms of the potential expansions of vector-borne diseases. Up to …

Background Dengue is generally believed to be one of the most hazardous vector-borne
diseases, with over 40% of the world's population at risk of an infection [1]. While in the past the …