PURPOSE: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in
adults, and radiation is one of the main treatment modalities. However, cure rates remain low …

STAT3 activation has been observed in several autoimmune diseases, suggesting that
STAT3-mediated pathways promote pathologic immune responses. We provide in vivo evidence …

Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a cell-surface molecule with diverse biologic
effects on T cell function. We recently showed that LAG-3 signaling is important in CD4 + …

Relative upregulation of the Ikaros family transcription factor Helios in natural regulatory T
cells (Tregs) has been reported by several groups. However, a role for Helios in regulatory T …

IL-17-secreting CD8 T cells (Tc17) have been described in several settings, but little is known
regarding their functional characteristics. While Tc1 cells produced IFN-γ and efficiently …

Expression of the PD-1 receptor on T cells has been shown to provide an important inhibitory
signal that down-modulates peripheral effector responses in normal tissues and tumors. …

Individualized cancer therapy is a central goal of cancer biologists. Immunotherapy is a
rational means to this end—because the immune system can recognize a virtually limitless …

BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy refers to an array of strategies intended to treat
progressive tumors by augmenting a patient's anti‐tumor immune response. As immunotherapy …

Clinical studies have shown that drugs delivered intrathecally distribute much faster than
can be accounted for by pure molecular diffusion. However, drug transport inside the …

Background The FDA recently approved an anti-CTLA-4 antibody (Iplimumab) for the
treatment of metastatic melanoma. This decision was based on Phase III results, which …